Tnpsc and Upsc Notes Pdf
Pravin Babu R Nationalism in India As you have seen, modern nationalism in Europe came to be associated with the formation of nation-states. It also meant a change in people’s understanding of who they were and what defined their identity and sense of belonging. New symbols and icons, new songs and ideas forged new links and redefined the … Read more
After the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company became a political power. India was under the rule of the East India Company until 1858, when it came under the direct administration of the British Crown. Robert Clive was the first Governor of Fort William under the Company’s … Read more
1. AGRICULTURE & LAND REVENUE Key Systems Revenue Terms 2. TRADE & COMMERCE Domestic Trade International Trade European Factories 3. URBANISATION & INDUSTRIES 4. COINAGE SYSTEM 5. SOCIAL HIERARCHY Classes Merchant Groups 6. WOMEN & SOCIAL ISSUES 7. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 8. CULTURAL LIFE 9. DECLINE FACTORS
1. Religious Policies of Key Mughal Rulers Akbar (1556–1605) – Liberal Policies Jahangir (1605–1627) – Moderate Approach Shah Jahan (1628–1658) – Orthodox Shift Aurangzeb (1658–1707) – Orthodox Extremes 2. Key Religious Terms & Institutions 3. Interfaith Relations & Conflicts Hindu-Muslim Dynamics Christian Interactions 4. Cultural Syncretism 5. Impact of Policies Ruler Policy Outcome Akbar Sulh-i-Kul … Read more
1. Mughal Rulers & Dynastic Timeline 2. Administration & Governance Check the complete list of Administration and Governance. 3. Economy & Society Complete list of important keywords for Economy and Society during the Mughals 4. Art, Architecture & Culture Architecture Paintings & Literature Music & Science 5. Religion & Policies Check the complete list for … Read more
1. Central Administration 2. Provincial Administration 3. Revenue System 4. Military & Mansabdari System 5. Judicial System 6. Key Policies 7. Important Documents Why Important for UPSC?
1. Dynasties of the Vijayanagar Empire 2. Key Rulers 3. Significant Battles & Events 4. Administration & Governance 5. Economy & Society 6. Art, Architecture & Culture Architecture (Vijayanagara Style) Literature & Patronage 7. Foreign Travelers & Their Accounts Traveler Nationality Ruler Key Observations Nicolo Conti Italian Deva Raya I Wealth, irrigation Abdur Razzaq Persian … Read more
Introduction: Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting approach where all expenditures for each new period must be justified from a zero base. Instead of relying on the previous year’s budget as a starting point, every proposed expense needs to be thoroughly evaluated for its necessity and cost-effectiveness. The process involves breaking down activities into “decision … Read more
Rule of Law in India Rule of Law means governance by law and not by arbitrary power. Though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India, it is considered a basic feature upheld by the Supreme Court. History and Development Ancient Origin: Started with Aristotle. Medieval Thinkers: Sir John Fortescue, John Locke, Montesquieu. Modern Thinkers: … Read more
🧭 Overview: Why Peasant Movements Happened 🔴 Trigger: British mercantilist policies → 📉 Agriculture degraded → ⚡ Commercialisation of farming⚠️ Result: Increased taxes, land alienation, debt traps, famines → Widespread peasant unrest Factor Explanation Stagnation of Agriculture No growth due to land crowding, handicraft ruin, & high revenue Land Revenue Systems 👑 Zamindari, Ryotwari, Mahalwari … Read more