This post is for the topic of thunderstorms and lightning Upsc.
Lightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge (spark) accompanied by thunder, which typically occurs during thunderstorms, and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms.
Lightning generates 10-20 ampere current dangers for people in an open area. Lightning strikes often have fatal consequences.
On average, 2000 people die from lightning in the world every year.
Lightning mostly strikes tall things, such as trees that break down and catch fire or it may strike power transmission lines and antennas fastened on roofs and buildings which causes the fire.
The air temperature, when lightning occurs, is as hot as 9982.2 °C. Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. A charged, super-heated lightning bolt creates a “resonating tube” as it travels.
The air in the tube rapidly expands and contracts to cause vibrations that we hear as the rumble of thunder. Lightning strikes can explode a tree.
Imagine 15 million volts of electricity hitting a tree branch. The heat travels through the tree, vaporizing its sap and creating steam that causes the trunk to explode.
Before lightning
If you are planning to go to the countryside, check the weather forecast. If a thunderstorm is expected it is better to postpone the trip.
It is good if you can estimate the distance to the front line of a thunderstorm. In order to do this, you must check the time interval from the moment you see the lightning until you hear thunder.
Lightning always precedes thunder. We know that the sound speed travels on average about 1km every 3 seconds.
Reduction of the time interval between the sight of lightning and the resulting thunder means that the danger is approaching and protective measures must be taken.
If there is no interval between lightning and thunder means, it means that the cloud is already over your head.
During Lightning
If you are in a building it is necessary to close windows, doors, ventilation pipes,, and chimneys. It is necessary to turn off the telephone, TV set, and other electrical equipment because lightning may strike electrical cables and pass-through wiring.
Do not take a shower because both water and metal conduct electricity. Do not light the fireplace because the heat coming from the chimney may attract lightning.
It is better to stay away from electric wires, lightning rods, water pipes, antennas, and windows.
If you are in an open area during a thunderstorm, do not stand under a tall tree. Lighting is most damaging for tall trees. It is better to stay 30-40 meters away from them. Avoid trees that are standing separately. Remember that lightning does not strike bushes.
If the area is open, it is better to find a lower place or a cavity and squat there. It is dangerous to stand or lie down on the ground because this increases the exposure area.
It is necessary to get rid of metal items such as a bicycle, coins, etc. Do not stand under an umbrella.
Do not run during the occurrence of lightning; move slowly towards a shelter because the airflow may attract lightning;
If you are in a car, do not get out. It is better to close the windows and turn off the antenna. Do not park your car under tall trees or any structures that may fall down and hit you.
If there is an injured person next to you, remember that the victim may lose consciousness. It is necessary to provide first aid. Cover your mouth with wet cloth in order to protect your lungs.