Tnpsc and Upsc Notes Pdf
Introduction: Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting approach where all expenditures for each new period must be justified from a zero base. Instead of relying on the previous year’s budget as a starting point, every proposed expense needs to be thoroughly evaluated for its necessity and cost-effectiveness. The process involves breaking down activities into “decision … Read more
Book Title Author Purpose Why It’s Good for UPSC Prelims Indian Economy Ramesh Singh Comprehensive understanding of Indian economy A thorough coverage of Indian economic policies, reforms, and key concepts; ideal for both beginners and advanced students. Buy on Amazon Economic Survey Government of India Detailed insights into India’s economy, policy reforms, and government priorities … Read more
Difference between Niti aayog and the Planning commission Niti aayog Niti Aayog is the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India. Also, the nodal agency handles the task of accelerating economic development and fostering cooperative federalism. This development through fostering cooperative federalism is done with the involvement of the State governments of … Read more
Introduction The National Planning Council, established in 1965, played a pivotal role in shaping India’s economic and social policies. This council was instrumental in formulating the Fourth Five-Year Plan, which aimed at achieving balanced and rapid development across various sectors. The council’s efforts were crucial in steering the country towards progress and self-reliance. Formation and … Read more
Mixed economy in India Mixed economy is economy where there is public sector and private sector. The idea of a mixed economy was thus adopted which included the liberal policy of encouraging private enterprises and also promoting the public sector for the good of society by socializing the means of production and giving powers to … Read more
Planning exists in all economies. A planned system aims for the systematic utilization of the limited resources available in the state for long-term development. Also, the state or a nation aims to increase the national dividend, output, employment and also to enhance the social welfare of the people of different communities, especially the oppressed and … Read more
Public Debt Public debt is the total of all borrowings of the government. It includes total liabilities borrowed by the government to meet its development budget. This has to be paid from the Consolidated Fund of India. This term also referred to the overall liabilities of both state and union governments. Also, in the case … Read more
Adjusted Net Bank Credit is a term used in defining the different targets under Priority Sector Lending. ANBC includes the total credit forwarded by the banks with other investments made by it which are not its financial obligations that represent any outstanding debts or regular payments that a party must make. the total credit includes … Read more
The planning commission was scrapped on 13 Aug 2014. This was replaced by Niti Aayog. The new National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) will act more like a think tank or a forum, in contrast with the Commission which imposed five-year plans and allocated resources to meet set economic targets. Reason NITI Aayog Replaced Planning … Read more
Foreign Portfolio Investment It is a grouping of assets such as bonds, stocks, and other cash equivalents. These investments are either held by investors directly or managed by financial professionals. Also, it consists of securities and other financial assets passively held by foreign investors. It is an investment made by a firm or individual in … Read more