Tnpsc and Upsc Notes Pdf
Koeppen recognized five major climatic groups, four of which are based on temperature and one on precipitation. Koeppen’s classification of climate developed by V.Koeppen. This classification identified a close relationship between the climate and the distribution of vegetation. V.Koeppen selected some values of temperature, precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation, and used … Read more
Average annual solar radiation arriving at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere is roughly 1361 W/m2. The Sun’s rays are attenuated as they pass through the atmosphere, leaving maximum normal surface irradiance at approximately 1000 W/m2 at sea level on a clear day.
Minimum Reserve System It is the minimum amount of reserves or assets to be maintained such as gold, forex reserve etc by the central banks to print the money and distribute it to the economy. The money supply in the economy or the central bank should print the money, that exceeds the minimum reserve system. … Read more
bringing about changes in the configuration of the surface of the earth are known as geomorphic processes. Diastrophism and volcanism are endogenic geomorphic processes. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition are exogenic geomorphic processes. The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth’s surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms.
Fractionated plateau The fractioned plateau is the longest mountain chain on the earth’s surface submerged under the sea. This plateau is formed when there is spreading of the seafloor is really slow. As the rate of seafloor spreading is very slow, this allows the accumulation of large amounts of lava. The lava forms the fractioned … Read more
Finances are very fundamental in the successful operation of the federal system.Indian constitution distributes financial powers between the union and states in acomprehensive arrangement that is broadly modeled on the 1935 Government of IndiaAct. There are two sources of revenue distributed by the constitution namely Tax Revenue and Non-tax Revenue. A) Tax Revenue Distribution There … Read more
The Principle of India’s foreign policy Mutual Respect for each others territorial integrity and Sovereignty. Mutual Non-Aggression Mutal Non-interference Equality and Mutual Benefit Peaceful co-existence These fundamental principles are called Panchsheel or five virtues. This was first formally enunciated in the Agreement on trade between the Tibet region of China and India signed on April … Read more
Post-independence india Post Independence is a period in Indian history. Immediately after India got independence in 1947, the most important task for the Indian leader is draft the constitution of India and also integrate the princely states such as Hyderabad, and regions ruled by other European powers such as Pondicherry etc. Also, the Indian leader … Read more
An alternative to the nation-state, then, is the “state nation”, where various “nations” be they ethnic, religious, linguistic, or indigenous identities can coexist peacefully and cooperatively in a single state polity. Case studies and analyses demonstrate that enduring democracies can be established in polities that are multicultural. Explicit efforts are required to end the cultural … Read more
End of Apartheid Apartheid is the highest form of discrimination, which existed in South Africa. That is the places of residence were classified by racial discrimination. Its policy of governance by Whites over Non-white people. The South African people protested against the Apartheid. Nelson Mandela raised their voice against the Apartheid. He also organized agitation … Read more